Baby making in humans essays

Baby making in humans essays There are some major differences between males in females in the way their sex cells are produced. In males this process occurs in seminiferous tubules. The females occurs in the ovaries, but are not fertilized there. The first difference is in cell division. The males cells divide in to two equally sized identical cells that are attached. The females cells are not the same size and unattached, one cell is larger than the other. The smaller cell is referred to as the polar body. There is no difference in crossing over between the two sexes, they both occur in Prophase I of meiosis. There is also no difference in the independent assortment of the cells, this occurs in metaphase of meiosis I in both sexes. In meiosis II the cells in both sexes divide a second time. The males cells divide again to form two equally sized cells adding up to a total of four cells. This process occurs in the female as well. The females larger cell will divide to form a polar body and a larger cell. This new large cell is the egg cell. The original polar body will either divide in to two more polar bodies or cease to exist. The female cell will create just one egg, while the male creates four sperm. Males will begin making sperm at puberty. They make trillions of sperm. Females begin making eggs much earlier. They begin making eggs before they are born! They have about 2 million eggs only a few months after they are born! However, this number is reduced to about 400,000 when they reach puberty. Another fascinating fact is that female eggs rest in prophase I much longer than the male sperm. Female eggs rest from birth until puberty. The one egg will complete meiosis I each month, but they dont go through metaphase II unless they are fertilized by a sperm. In males this whole cycle takes about 74 days. There are roughly 8 million genetic combinations in each egg and sperm after independent assortme...

Using YouTube in the ESL Classroom

Using YouTube in the ESL Classroom YouTube and other video sites, such as Google Video and Vimeo, are highly popular, especially with young adults. These sites also provide English learners and ESL classes with tools to improve listening skills. The advantage of these sites from a language learning point of view is that they offer examples of everyday English used by everyday people. Students can spend hours watching videos in English and quickly improve their pronunciation and comprehension skills.  There also are specific English learning videos. Using YouTube in the ESL classroom can be fun and helpful, but there must be structure. Otherwise, class might become a free-for-all. A potential downside is that some YouTube videos have poor sound quality, bad pronunciation, and slang, which can make them difficult to understand and less useful in an ESL classroom. On the other hand, students are attracted to the real life nature of these videos. By carefully selecting well-made YouTube videos and creating context, you can help your students explore a world of online English learning possibilities. Heres how you can use YouTube videos in your ESL class: Finding an Appropriate Topic Pick a topic that your class would enjoy. Poll the students or choose a topic yourself that fits in with your curriculum. Select a video and save the URL. If you do not have an Internet connection in class, try  Keepvid,  a site that allows you to download videos to your computer. Preparing  for Class Watch the video a few times and create a guide to any difficult vocabulary. Prepare  a short introduction. The more context you provide, the better your ESL students will understand the video.  Include your introduction, the  vocabulary list, and  the URL (web page address) of the YouTube video on a class handout. Then create a short quiz based on the video. Administering the Exercise Distribute copies of the handout. Go over the introduction and difficult vocabulary list to make sure everyone understands what will happen. Then watch the video as a class. This will work better if you have access to a computer lab, so students can watch the video repeatedly. Students then can work on the quiz sheet in small groups or in pairs. Following Up on the Exercise Most likely, students will enjoy the video and will want to watch more. Encourage this. If possible, give students 20 minutes or so at the computers to explore YouTube. For homework, assign your ESL students to groups of four or five and ask each group to find a short video to present to the class. Ask them to provide an introduction, a difficult vocabulary list, the URL of their video, and a follow-up quiz modeled on the worksheet you created. Have each student group exchange worksheets with another group and complete the exercise. Afterward, students can compare notes on the YouTube videos they watched.

Australian contract law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Australian contract law - Essay Example Such ways of making a contract can be; signing a document, clicking ‘agree’ button on the web as well as making an agreement over the phone. Contract law constitutes any regulations or laws directed inline of enforcing certain promises. The contract law in Australia is mainly regulated by the common law. However, more states are supplementing the common law of contract specifically in connection with the consumer protection (Goldring, 1998). What makes a valid enforceable contract between parties? A contract is considered valid if there is the provision of a written or signed agreement by both parties. It has been stated that the two companies entered into a written service contract which meant that, the Big industry decided to make an offer to Pat while on the other side, Pat accepted the offer and anticipated to arrive at a significant work from Big industry in future. The enforcement is valid due to the way that is has been laid down in a written document. The contrac t agreement had involved both parties which must have signed a document to establish an offer from one side and at the same time an acceptance of the other party. There is therefore a valid enforceable contract between Pat and Big Industry. Pat, a computer software consultant was expected to write four computer programs which were made to be used by the Big Industry in controlling its automated manufacturing machines. More terms within the contract agreement was that the Big industry was supposed to pay twenty five thousand dollars to Pat on completion of the work. Payments would only be made after the completion of the work on contract. Another term provided within the contract was that the written computer programs be delivered to the Big industry no later than may first. The contract agreement did not seem to provide any chance for delivery after the agreed date, the first day of May. No modifications of the contract would be valid unless it was in writing and signed by both the Big industry and Pat. The April fifteen phone call between Pat and Hillary brought in much effect on the contract terms. According to the contract agreement made on first April, Pat accepted to write the total number of the computer programs and gave much expectation for the Big Industry that before the first day of May, all programs would be ready for use. The phone call was meant to make a change in the agreement that Pat would not deliver the contract as it was agreed on April first. Pat said that he was having a problem with the programs three and one and that he would not be able to deliver them until at least eight may or may be sometimes closer to fifteenth of May. Pat went ahead to mention that he had some doubts that he would be able to write program number four at all since the Big Industry’s computer hardware was nearly obsolete. He communicated that he would only deliver program number one and two by the first day of May. This phone call demonstrated that change w ould occur in the terms agreed as per the contract. The contract terms were that Pat would write four programs by May first and that the total payment would only be made after the delivery. Pat on the phone call notified that he would only deliver two written programs and that one would come late while the other one would not be written at all. The change in the content of delivery meant that all terms and conditions of the contract would as well change. The Big Industry would as well adjust its payments and expectations for the

School Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

School Finance - Essay Example In fact, a 1993 circuit court of Cole County opined that "The existing school finance system does not provide an 'equal ... opportunity' for all school age children as is required by ... the Missouri Constitution" (Committee for Educational Equity v. Missouri, 1993, p. 29). As described in the decision, "various statistical measures confirm the degree and extent of these wide inequalities" (p. 13) and "All relevant standard measures of equity ... clearly and consistently indicate that Missouri funding for its public schools is highly disequalized and is getting worse" (p. 15)"(Wan Ko, 2006).This court decision instructs that the school must revise its financing policies. The court wants that school finances should be EQUALLY allocated to all children irregardless of race, religion, sex, etc. This new financing policy introduces a new hold harmless provision. Hold harmless schools clearly receive more than the normal monetary help than other schools receive. As a result, these hold ha rmless school districts give more accurate equity analysis for evaluating the state's policy impact. this study of the Missouri school finance system shows that there was an improvement in the Missouri school's finance equity under the new funding formula. However, there were times when financial help did not arrive as schedule or came only in trickles. One reason is that the monetary help had come from other sources and not from the newly approved funding schemes. Evidently, this article shows that schools need money in order to deliver high quality education to the students(Wan Ko, 2006). II. A Helping Hand: A Federal Grant Program Gives School Districts the Financial Support The Need to Develop Updated, Comprehensive Disaster Plans. The article mentions how tornadoes ravaged several towns in Missouri. The tornadoes literally scattered some elementary school buildings in the community. In Caulfied, MO, a tornado killed a seven year old girl named Elizabeth Croney. Likewise, a school in Derby, KS had to close down to allow police officers to corner and arrest an armed criminal in front the the school's premises. Many of the schools are not accustomed to confronting increasing threats from many quarters. The dangers include natural disasters, street gangs and terrorists. Many of the schools' administrators and responsible personnel underwent emergency disaster training to counter the effects of any emergency. The Department of Education's office of safe and drug -free schools spearheaded this campaign to help schools be more prepared to alleviate any emergency. In turn, the schools would be given REMS funds that would be used for the schools' disaster awareness and readiness program. The United States government has focused on school disaster preparedness programs in response to the infamous September eleven twin tower airline hijacking incidents as well as the ramming of a commandeered passenger plane onto the Pentagon. For, "If you think back to 9/11, there were a lot of lessons learned from that incident," according to Sara Strizzi, who is a program analyst for the DoE in Washington, DC. One of those lessons was the vulnerability of K-12 campuses. "We realized that within the ground zero vicinity, there were a lot of schools close by."(Bowles, 2007). Here, the government of

Kindergarten Education Act Essay Example for Free

Kindergarten Education Act Essay On January 20, 2012, Republic Act 10157 also known as Kindergar ten Education Act, was being approved. This Act is in relation with the Millennium Development Goals on achieving Education for All (EFA) by the year 2015. Wherein the policy provide an equal opportunities for all children to avail of accessible mandatory and compulsory kindergarten education that effectively promotes the physical, social, intellectual, emotional and skills stimulation and values formation to sufficiently prepare them for formal elementary schooling. It is prerequisite then, for the children that they will pass through kindergarten, the first stage of elementary education system before going to Grade 1. It is also stated in this Act that the Mother tongue-based multilingual education (MTB-MLE) will be implemented as the medium of instruction to kindergarten pupils. Reaction: Kindergarten before is somewhat optional to acquire. And not all have the privilege, the capacity, the money and the chances to take this formative stage in education. With or without it, when a child reaches the age of formal schooling, he can start his elementary education. The R.A.10157, Kindergarten Education Act, is a one good feat in bridging the gap of literacy and economic stability of our country. Though it is quite long way yet to see its effectiveness but what matters is a step forward has been made towards a better future. With this Act, every child of our country will have an equal right to be molded during his formative stage in life regardless of who or what he is in the society. Kindergarten is of great aid in shaping and building young ones a strong learning foundation in preparation for their next step to their formal education. With proper trainings and programs for teachers in honing their skills in teaching, right approaches such as using the MTB-MLE, and strategies and appropriate learning tools, kindergarten students would be much ready to take the challenge of leveling up to the next ladder of their formal elementary education. Being a language teacher myself, I personally experienced and still experiencing the effect of teaching many, but not all, fresh high school students with a meager elementary education foundation. No matter how much teachers will be pointing fingers to who’s who is to be blamed, it boils down to one factor inadequate knowledge foundation of students. With this R.A. 10157, I believe it is of great help in patching the hole of the crisis. With a good start having a strong foundation in education, the process would then continue as they level up their knowledge and eventually our country will produce more equipped, effective and productive men and women of the society. Recommendation: Whatever policies, programs and projects of our government such as this R.A. 10157 if it is closely monitored and supervised properly by the concern agencies and people behind it, nothing will put into waste and that the common goal will be achieved†¦to build a stronger and a more productive nation.

Present Evolution of the Protestant Church :: essays research papers

Present Evolution of the Protestant Church   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Unfortunately, I was not able find someone to interview on the changes of the Catholic church since the meeting of the Council of II Vatican, so I had to substitute for someone who is equally wise about changes within the Protestant church over the past fifty years. The person whom I asked is my aunt who is 54 years old recollects church membership since the age of 6, so I trust her as a viable source.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Politics in the Protestant church have changed tremendously in the last fifty years† says my aunt. Most apparent to her was the increase in women’s leadership. You now see women pastors, assistant pastors, deacons and so forth. She says that the church was once an organization that was known for being called â€Å"The Good Old Boys’ Club†, but now it’s the â€Å"Good Old Boys’ and Girls’ club. She is a Minister of Music, so she gets to go a lot of different places (inside and outside of the country) to observe these things. She says that churches have become â€Å"growingly woman and gay friendly.† She once attended a church by the name of The Open Door whose services were particularly dedicated to ‘sharing God’ with those other than heterosexual without singling them out, but accepting who they are and making the church a community for them outside of their condemned community for by thei r sexual preferences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  More changes that she has noticed are in the services. She notices a more culturally blended congregation where in the past, if at all, that would be hard to find. Along with that she notices a growing variety of worship styles, including the style of music played, sung, or listened to, and how it is sung or played. She also says that churches are becoming increasingly accepting to open-denominational worship and fellowship. She believes that eventually the church will ultimately form one in seeking the Lord. To add to the details about the music, praise and worship services have become an essential part of the service. Particularly in African- American churches, praise and worship service may last from anywhere from fifteen minutes to an hour, drawing out services anywhere from an hour and a half to two hours and a half. Music along with teachings, have begun to reflect trends of the changing times. She has witnessed music going from slow traditional hymns with t he only instruments being your hands, feet, a tambourine, and possibly an organ, to more up-tempo songs, gospel music sounding like R&B, Pop, and Rap, with accompanying instruments of guitars, drums, pianos, keyboards, etc.

Management and Leadership Team Presentation Essay

Does a manager have to have quality leadership skills to motivate, establish trust, empower and communicate with employees to run a business properly? Different areas of leaderships include organizational leadership, organizational culture, managerial control and leveraging diversity. Planning is the most important basic leadership skill a manager can have. A business that wants to grow must have an effective plan with the correct leadership skills to motivate and lead employees in the right direction. A manager must be effective and consistent when they are leading a group of diverse employees. Although there are many differences in managing and leading, they are not necessarily two separate concepts. â€Å"People look to their managers, not just to assign them a task, but to define for them a purpose. And managers must organize workers, not just to maximize efficiency, but to nurture skills, develop talent and inspire results.† (Murray, 2010, para. 5). A manager’s job is to ensure that tasks are completed in a correct and timely fashion. A leader’s job is to inspire their followers to achieve a common goal that both the leader and his/her followers share. It is important, however, that a manager develop good leadership skills in order to benefit an organization as a whole. Leadership in management will help employees feel confident in the work that they do, and proud to be a part of the organization they are working for. It will establish trust in the manager, and a passion to want to conclude tasks competently. A manager with quality leadership skills will also motivate employees to follow the standards and guidelines set forth by the organization, creating a better organizational culture, and an efficient workforce. The manager along with leadership is the structure. â€Å"Excellent technical skills do not automatically transfer to excellent interpersonal skills.† (Resnick, 2005). Developing leadership skills in managers require a  different set of skills than the ones they likely already possess. Often, managers are more competitive than collaborative. An effective leader must demonstrate authority matched with collaboration. When identifying leadership potential, it is best to train multiple individuals in the skills that need development. This creates more flexibility. Substantial gateway for the top of an organization’s structure is to merge with the lower part of managers that apply quality leadership principles to them, have a better effect on how they want the culture of their company to become. Leading by example and effective communication are key tools that are needed to be an effective leader. Once a manager sets the pace for the culture he or she wants, then, they have to get others on board with their plans for the direction they want to go. A manager has the ability to hire the individuals that fit into the company culture. Being a manager does not always mean that they earned their position based on their leadership skills. However, a good manager has the ability to be more of a people person and actually listens to what their employees have to say while implementing the ideas of their employees, creating a culture for their organization. A culture change does not happen overnight and can be a lengthy process if not handled correctly. Culture change does come from within and requires the constant effort of everyone involved while having the same goals. The goals need to be clearly defined and acceptable by all who are involved with the manager leading from the front to be able to guide the change in the right direction. Creating cultural change and taking the time to groom their subordinates to become better leaders in the process is a great practice to start from the beginning. A good manager knows how to utilize control mechanisms that are necessary for a business to run properly. This allows for the goals of the business to be met and determine if the employees are on the right path to reach the goals the company has set for them. The three main managerial controls are bureaucratic, clan and market. Bureaucratic control is a type of authoritative control by creating regulations, standards, and a basic behavior for employees to follow. Companies can utilize Bureaucratic control in a way which could help save the company time when planning  strategies to reach their goals. Managers would plan the goals and how to reach them and then relay the strategy to their employees allowing for fewer people to be involved and lessen the time making the plans. Clan control is the opposite of the Bureaucratic control because it does not have a set of rules or guidelines for employees to follow. Rather than tell employees how to do their job, the company trusts the employees will do what they are supposed to do and will do it well. By utilizing clan control, employers may be able to gain additional goals or ideas on how to reach the goals that have been set because they have the input of their employees as well during the planning process. Market control is more along the lines of Bureaucratic control because there are regulations or standards placed upon the work the employees do. Analyzing the economic information received for the company does this. By using market control, managers would analyze data received to create strategies on goals the company has set. A diversified workforce is one of the most successful strategies in gaining and retaining a competitive advantage. Since the labor force has become diverse, recruitment of the differencing population also assists in attracting a wider consumer base, which in turn the company becomes more successful. Organizations must understand that diversity begins with valuing differences and believing that a difference does not mean better or worse -just different (Johnston, 2013). And differences can range from seen differences like race, color, gender, age, and physical ability to the unseen difference such as education, social status, religious beliefs, and work experience. Recruitment of a diverse labor force definitely takes a ‘welcoming’ approach. Establishing a universal work environment from consequences for behavior, to photos in a hallway that depict the organizations acceptance and inclusion of diversity; shows employees that even though they come from different backgrounds they’re part of a single team that is committed to goals of the company. Managers who are affective in managing diversity will have a work force that is more creative, innovative, and better able to solve problems. This is due to the fact that, since people come from different backgrounds they also hold different perspectives on issues. When organizations realize that differences should not just be merely tolerated but valued; then employees become more loyal, productive, and committed. More and more organizations are leveraging diversity; a study by the Work  Diversity Network, a national network of professionals and major companies working for diversity in the workplace, stated that women and ethnic minorities represented 70% of new entrants in 2004. In addition, 43% of the workforce was non-Caucasian in 2008 (Clark, 2013). A diversified organization relates to everyone, applies to most situations, and impacts the continued and future success of a business. In conclusion, businesses take action on the management team, so that their business’ can run smoothly. The four types of leaderships include organizational leadership, organizational culture, managerial control and leveraging diversity. Managers must be able to coordinate workers, and encourage workers to mature into the absolute best employees and present an outcome of a successful team. The businesses take control to put strategies into place; therefore business will have a flowing, well-trained management team. This will help command, control, and manage the behavior of team members and the management team. References Barnat, R. (2005). Strategic-Control. Retrieved from http://www.strategic-control.24xls.com/en112 Clark, D. (2013). Examiner.com. Retrieved from http://www.examiner.com/article/leading-a-diverse-workforce Encyclopeda of Business. (2013). management Control. Retrieved from http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Log-Mar/Management-Control.html Johnston, K. (2013). Leading a Divers Workforce. The Chron , (), . Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/leading-diverse-workforce-34292.html Kotter, John. (2012). The key to changing organizational culture. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/johnkotter/2012/09/27/the-key-to-changing-organizational-culture/ Murray, A. (August 10, 2010). What is the difference between management and leadership? Retrieved from http://guides.wsj.com/management/developing-a-leadership-style/what-is-the-difference-between-management-and-leadership/ Resnick, H. (February 28, 2005). Cultivate leaders from your existing talent crop. The Jacksonvil le Business Journal. Retrieved from: http://www.bizjournals.com/jacksonville/stories/2005/02/28/smallb2.html What is the difference between management and leadership? (n.d.) The Wallstreet Journal Online. Accessed on Aug. 22, 2013. Retreived from: http://guides.wsj.com/management/developing-a-leadership-style/what-is-the-difference-between-management-and-leadership/

Is Prostitution Deviant? Essay

Prostitution viewed through the social-conflict paradigm, a â€Å"framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change† (Macionis-Society), would be that the act of prostitution is a result of an unequal distribution of money, power, education, and social prominence. Prostitution is deviant, in that it is an action that is outside the norm of the accepted standards of our society. However, whether prostitution is deviant or not is not the starting place of the social-conflict paradigm. The social-conflict theorist would make no judgment but instead ask why. The social-conflict paradigm would analyze the social structure the individual was raised in, such as the education level and thus the opportunities available for the individual to gain skills necessary to accomplish success in society. It would then cast blame on the social factors rather than poor choices or lack of vision of the person. In essence, a prostitute woul d just be a victim of things out of his or her control. Prostitution would be viewed as a necessary bread of inopportunity rather than immorality. A strength of the social-conflict paradigm in viewing conflict is that in order to change the pattern of prostitution or any negative matter of society we must look at what forms the problem in order to prevent it. However one viewpoint gives us a narrow solution for a vast number of problems and other issues besides social inopportunity, like morals, values and a persons character must also be addressed in ordered to wholly fix any problem. Though we live in a world that expresses moral relativism, there is still objective truth and there are still things which are right and wrong. Though prostitution may have been forced upon some as a means of survival, it is still wrong and destructive. The consequences medically are huge for this kind of wide spread behavior. Though we can feel for those who have found themselves in this kind of life style, we must teach them new ways of living as well as helping provide new opportunities.

Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction

Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction Design and Methods Used In the Study A study by Aversa et al. to establish the effects of the drug vardenafil on obese men with sexual dysfunction uses all male obese subjects attending the outpatient unit of the health facility (2012). Exclusion criteria for participants include patients on certain medications such as antidiabetic, cardiovascular, statin, and other conditions as described in a previously administered questionnaire.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Twenty subjects participate in the study for 8 weeks by recording their sexual experiences during the study period in a questionnaire and a diary (Aversa et al., 2012).  Bronner and VoduÃ… ¡ek attempt to manage sexual dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease (PD) since this disease significantly affects sexual function (2011). They suggest the introduction of dopaminergic drugs and the subs equent follow-up on patients diagnosed with PD. They also encourage the use of lubricants by female patients and timely counseling for all patients.  Mastalir, Carvalhal, and Portal seek to investigate the outcome of the drug simvastatin in sexual dysfunction because of endothelial dysfunction. Twenty one patients receive 20 mg of simvastatin while 20 others receive a placebo for a period of six months. Subsequently, they all get 10 mg of vardenafil on demand for four weeks.  Tomlinson and Wright, in an exploratory qualitative study with semi-structured interviews, seek to explore the effect of treating SD using sildenafil (2004). The study uses 40 men with erectile dysfunction and questionnaires to get information on the sexual experiences of the participants. Reis, de Angelo, Sakamoto, Ferriani, and Lara assess serum hormone concentrations, quality of semen, frequency of sexual intercourse, and erectile function in men with epileptic seizures taking carbamazepine (2013). The s tudy uses semi-structured questionnaires and the IIEF-5 form to obtain patient responses. Method of Analysis Aversa et al. use analysis of variance to assess disparities among treatment clusters (2012). A 50% increase in IELT (intravaginal ejaculatory latency time) is quantified using a two-sided alpha value of 0.05. The arithmetic mean IELT is compared with BMI using a multiple regression analysis. The study considers a P-value 0.05 ±s.d. as statistically significant and performs all analyses using SPSS and SAS computer statistical packages (Aversa et al., 2012). Bronner and VoduÃ… ¡ek analyze the efficacy of treatment on reported patient responses (2011).  Tests such as â€Å"serum cholesterol, hormone profile, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein, the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF), and the ED Index of Treatment Satisfaction† are done after the treatment of patients with simvastatin, placebo, and vardenafil (Mastalir, Carvalhal, Portal, 2011 p. 242).A dvertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The study uses statistical tests like the Students t-test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank, χ 2, Mann–Whitney test, and ANOVA (Mastalir, Carvalhal, Portal, 2011).  Tomlinson and Wright use thematic analysis to spot and investigate issues concerning the participants’ experiences (2004). The study carries out the data analysis concomitantly with data collection to enable full tackling of emergent concerns in subsequent interviews. The researchers carry out progressive focusing by grouping identified topics into sub-themes for further discussion. The study uses the NUD*ist software to handle and retrieve all the data in the research (Tomlinson Wright, 2004). Reis et al. use 118 men in their research (2013). Of the 118 men, 63 are epileptic while 55 are normal. Blood samples from all the participants are tested for the various pa rameters after which a comparison between the two groups is made using P test as the statistical test (Reis et al., 2013). References Aversa, A., Francomano, D., Bruzziches, R., Natali, M., Guerra, A., Latini, M., Donini, L. M., Lenzi, A. (2012). A pilot study to evaluate the effects of vardenafil on sexual distress in men with obesity. International Journal of Impotence Research, 24(3), 122-125. Bronner, G. VoduÃ… ¡ek D. B. (2011). Management of sexual dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease. Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders, 4(6), 375-383. Mastalir, E. T., Carvalhal, G. F., Portal, V. L. (2011). The effect of simvastatin in penile erection. International Journal of Impotence Research, 23(6), 242-248. Reis, R. M., de Angelo, A. G., Sakamoto, A. C., Ferriani, R. A., Lara, L. A. S. (2013). Altered sexual and reproductive functions in epileptic men taking carbamazepine. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 10(2), 493-499.Advertising We will write a custom essay samp le on Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tomlinson, J., Wright, D. (2004). Impact of erectile dysfunction and its subsequent treatment with sildenafil: Qualitative study. BMJ. 328(2004), 1037-1039. Web.

Symmetry and Proportion by Vitruvius and Da Vinci

Symmetry and Proportion by Vitruvius and Da Vinci Architecture depends on symmetry, what Vitruvius calls the proper agreement between the members of the work itself. Symmetry is from the Greek word symmetros meaning measured together. Proportion is from the Latin word proportio meaning for the part, or the relationship of the portions. What humans consider beautiful has been examined for thousands of years. Humans may have an innate preference for what looks acceptable and beautiful. A man with tiny hands and a large head may look out of proportion. A woman with one breast or one leg may look asymmetrical. Humans spend an enormous amount of money every day on what they consider is a beautiful body image. Symmetry and proportion may be as much a part of us as our DNA. Diagram Of ManS Proportions From Vitruvius Translation, 1558. Bettmann/Getty Images (cropped) How do you design and build the perfect building? Like the human body, structures have parts, and in architecture those parts can be put together in many ways. Design, from the Latin word designare meaning to mark out, is the overall process, but design outcomes depend on symmetry and proportion. Says who? Vitruvius. De Architectura Ancient Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio wrote the first architecture textbook called On Architecture (De Architectura). Nobody knows when it was written, but it reflects the dawn of human civilization - in the first century B.C. into the first decade A.D. It wasnt until the Renaissance, however, when the ideas of ancient Greece and Rome were reawakened, that De Architectura was translated into Italian, French, Spanish, and English. During the 1400s, 1500s, and 1600s, what became known as The Ten Books on Architecture was widely distributed with a number of added illustrations. Much of the theory and construction basics spelled out by Vitruvius for his patron, the Roman Emperor, inspired Renaissance architects and designers of that day and even those in the 21st century. So, what does Vitruvius say? Leonardo da Vinci Sketches Vitruvius Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) is sure to have read Vitruvius. We know this because da Vincis notebooks are filled with sketches based on the words in De Architectura. Da Vincis famous drawing of The Vitruvian Man is a sketch directly from the words of Vitruvius. These are some of the words Vitruvius uses in his book: SYMMETRY in the human body the central point is naturally the navel. For if a man be placed flat on his back, with his hands and feet extended, and a pair of compasses centered at his navel, the fingers and toes of his two hands and feet will touch the circumference of a circleAnd just as the human body yields a circular outline, so too a square figure may be found from it.For if we measure the distance from the soles of the feet to the top of the head, and then apply that measure to the outstretched arms, the breadth will be found to be the same as the height, as in the case of plane surfaces which are perfectly square. Note that Vitruvius begins with a focal point, the navel, and the elements are measured from that point, forming the geometry of circles and squares. Even todays architects design this way. Drawing of the Proportions of a Head by Leonardo da Vinci. Fratelli Alinari IDEA S.p.A./Getty Images (cropped) PROPORTION Da Vincis notebooks also show sketches of body proportions. These are some of the words Vitruvius uses to show relationships between elements of a human body: the face, from the chin to the top of the forehead and the lowest roots of the hair, is a tenth part of the whole heightthe open hand from the wrist to the tip of the middle finger is a tenth part of the whole bodythe head from the chin to the crown is an eighth partwith the neck and shoulder from the top of the breast to the lowest roots of the hair is a sixthfrom the middle of the breast to the summit of the crown is a fourththe distance from the bottom of the chin to the under side of the nostrils is one third of itthe nose from the under side of the nostrils to a line between the eyebrows is a thirdthe forehead, from between the eyebrows to the lowest roots of the hair, is a thirdthe length of the foot is one sixth of the height of the bodythe length of the forearm is one fourth the height of the bodythe breadth of the breast is also one fourth the height of the body Da Vinci saw that these relationships between elements were also the mathematical relationships found in other parts of nature. What we think of as the hidden codes in architecture, Leonardo da Vinci saw as divine. If God designed with these ratios when He made man, then man should design the built environment with the ratios of sacred geometry. Thus in the human body there is a kind of symmetrical harmony between forearm, foot, palm, finger, and other small parts, writes Vitruvius, and so it is with perfect buildings. Designing with Symmetry and Proportion Although European in origin, the concepts written down by Vitruvius seem to be universal. For example, researchers estimate that Native American Indians migrated to North America from Northern Asia about 15,000 years ago - well before even Vitruvius was alive. Yet when European explorers like Francisco Vsquez de Coronado from Spain first encountered the Wichita people in North America in the 1500s, symmetrical huts of grass were well-built and proportioned large enough to house entire familes. How did the Wichita people come up with this conical design and the proper agreement described by the Roman Vitruvius? Wichita Native American Grass House. Edward S. Curtis/George Eastman House/Getty Images (cropped) Concepts of symmetry and proportion can be used purposefully. Modernists of the early 20th century defied Classical symmetry by designing asymmetrical structures. Proportion has been used in spiritual architecture to accentuate the holy. For example, the Po Lin Monastery in Hong Kong shows not only the symmetry of the San Men Chinese mountain gate, but also how proportion can bring attention to the outlandishly large Buddha statue. Big Buddha at Po Lin Monastery, Lantau Island, Hong Kong, China. Tim Winter/Getty Images (cropped) By examining the human body, both Vitruvius and da Vinci understood the importance of symmetrical proportions in design. As Vitruvius writes, in perfect buildings the different members must be in exact symmetrical relations to the whole general scheme. This is the same theory behind architectural design today. Our intrinsic sense of what we consider beautiful may come from symmetry and proportion. Sources Vitruvius. On Symmetry: In Temples and in the Human Body, Book III, Chapter One, Ten Books on Architecture translated by Morris Hicky Morgan, 1914, The Project Gutenberg, gutenberg.org/files/20239/20239-h/20239-h.htmRaghavan et al. Genomic evidence for the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans, Science, Vol. 349, Issue 6250, August 21, 2015, http://science.sciencemag.org/content/349/6250/aab3884Wichita Indian grass house, Kansas Historical Society, kansasmemory.org/item/210708

Article for publication about marketing Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

For publication about marketing - Article Example Marketing is defined as any activity undertaken by an organization in relation to buying and selling products with the aim increasing the margin of sales, purchases and profits. It involves processes such as pricing, promotion and distribution of products so as to satisfy the customers more and also benefit the organization. Marketing is a combination of steps and operations which widen the pool of customers as well as creating loyalty in the existing customers. Successful marketing is achieved through a universal approach which involves market analysis, market planning, implementation and finally market control. Online marketing which is also called internet marketing is defined as any efforts done solely over the internet in order to attract new customers or maintain the existing customers. This form of marketing utilizes various internet marketing tools to drive traffic to the website of the advertiser (Hamill and Karl 19). The common tools of marketing include banner advertisement, emails, and pay per click and are used to bring value to the advertiser (Lee, 67). This form of marketing is growing rapidly since more and more people are becoming internet literate and hence it is able to reach a large pool of potential customers. Internet marketing builds and maintains positive customer relationships through online activities whereby the customer and the advertiser can exchange ideas, products and even services. Internet marketing was introduced many decades ago but has not receives full appreciation until the recent years. Those who first used it did not fully utilize the unique characteri stics it has and hence it has gained popularity at a slow rate. The Internet is composed of numerous marketing features that organizations require to fully explore in order to enjoy the unlimited benefits. The marketing features in the internet should be incorporated in